Present Perfect Tense

Basic Patterns (Pola Dasar):

Verbal Sentence:           Subject + have/-s +Verb3

Nominal Sentence:       Subject + have/-s + been + Complement

-          Present Perfect menyatakan gagasan mengenai sesuatu yang telah terjadi (atau tidak pernah terjadi) sebelum "sekarang" pada waktu yang tidak dapat ditentukan. Waktu di saat terjadinya kejadian tersebut dianggap tidak penting.

-          Jangan gunakan Present Perfect Tense (dan Perfect Tense yang lain), jika waktu kejadian diketahui. Sebagai gantinya gunakan Simple Past Tense. Misalnya: “I saw that movie last night”, bukan "I have seen the movie last night."

Contoh:

a)      They have moved into a new apartment.

b)      Have you ever visited Mexico?

c)      I have never seen snow.

-          Present perfect Tense juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakn  kejadian yang berulang-ulang yang terjadi pada masa lampau. Sekali lagi, waktu tepat kejadian dianggap tidak penting.

Examples:

d)      We have had four tests so far this semester.

e)      I have met many people since I came here in July

f)       I have flown on an airplane many times.

-          Present perfect Tense  juga dapat menyatakan suatu situasi atau keadaan yang mulai wujud dan berlanjut sampai sekarang jika kita menggunakan "for" dan "since". Perhatikan perbedaan makna antara  "for" dan "since"!

since + a particular time (waktu)

for + a duration time (rentang waktu)

Contoh:

g)      I have been here since seven o’clock

h)      We have been here for two weeks

i)        I have known him for many years

j)        I haven’t done that task. (Negative Verbal)

k)      I have never been the employee of the month. (Negative Nominal)

COMPARE (BANDINGKAN)!

a)      I have gotten four letters so far this week.

b)      I have got a problem.

In (a): Have gotten (British: have got) is present perfect.

In (b): Have got is NOT present perfect. In (b), have got means have: I’ve got a problem = I have a problem. The expression have got is common in informal spoken English. Its meaning is present, it has no past form.

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